5.Windows system and WIMP interfaces
Windows is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft. Each version of Windows includes a graphical user interface, with a desktop that allows users to view files and folders in windows. For the past two decades, Windows has been the most widely used operating system for personal computers PCs.
Microsoft Windows is designed for both home computing and professional purposes. Past versions of Windows home editions include Windows 3.0 (1990), Windows 3.1 (1992), Windows 95 (1995), Windows 98 (1998), Windows Me (2000), Windows XP (2001), and Windows Vista (2006). The current version, Windows 7, was released in 2009.
The first business-oriented version of Windows, called Windows NT 3.1, was in 1993. This was followed by Windows 3.5, 4.0, and Windows 2000. When Microsoft released Windows XP in 2001, the company simply created different editions of the operating system for personal and business purposes. Windows Vista and Windows 7 have followed the same release strategy.
Windows is designed to run on standard x86 hardware, such as Intel and AMD processors. Therefore, it can be installed on multiple brands of hardware, such as Dell, HP, and Sony computers, as well as home-built PCs. Windows 7 also includes several touchscreen features, that allow the operating system to run on certain tablets and computers with touchscreen displays. Microsoft's mobile operating system, Windows Phone, is designed specifically for smartphones and runs on several brands of phones, including HTC, Nokia, and Samsung.
Examples:Laptops, tablets, and desktop computers all run operating systems that you've probably heard of. Some examples include versions of Microsoft Windows (like Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP), Apple's macOS (formerly OS X), Chrome OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS, and flavors of the open source operating system Linux.
There exist many types of interaction styles. They include but are not limited to: command line interface, natural language, question/answer and query dialog, form-fills and spreadsheets, WIMP, and three-dimensional interfaces. The most common of the foregoing interaction styles is the WIMP. WIMP is an acronym for Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers. Alternatively, it is an acronym for Windows, Icons, Mice and Pull-down menus. Examples of user interfaces that are based on the WIMP interaction style include: Microsoft Windows for PCs, MacOs for Apple Macintosh, various X Windows-based systems for UNIX, etc.
WIMP interfaces were invented at the SRI laboratory in California. The development of WIMP interfaces continued at Xerox PARC. The 1981 Xerox Star workstation is considered to be the first production computer to use the desktop metaphor, productivity applications and a three-button mouse. WIMP was popularized by the Apple Macintosh in the early 1980s.
Examples: include iOS and Android, which are popular smartphone and tablet operating systems. These interfaces include icons, but often lack windows and menus. Since no mouse is required for a touchscreen interface, there is no pointer